/* ============================================================
   GLOBAL
   ============================================================ */

body {
	font-size: 14px !important;
}

h3,
.h3 {
	font-size: 22px !important;
}
.container-fluid {
	padding-right: 0px !important;
    padding-left: 0px !important;
}
/* ============================================================
   PAGE HEADERS
   ============================================================ */

.page-header {
	padding-bottom: 0 !important;
	margin: 40px 0 18px;
}

/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE SUMMARY
   ============================================================ */

/* Grid Wrapper */
.articles-flex-grid {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Side-by-Side Cards (Takes exactly half space minus the gap) */
.article-summary-card {
    
    background: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-soft);
    padding: 10px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

/* Hover Accent Lift Effect */
.article-summary-card:hover {
}

/* Light blue label tag */
.article-summary-card .label-tag {
    align-self: flex-start;
    background: rgba(43, 125, 233, 0.10);
    color: var(--primary-accent);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Article Title styling */
.article-summary-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading) !important;
    font-size: 18px!important;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
}

.article-summary-card h3 a {
    color: var(--text-main);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.article-summary-card h3 a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-accent);
}

/* Meta details area styling */
.article-summary-card .meta-data {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    display:flex;
    column-gap:15px;
}

.article-summary-card .meta-data span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.article-summary-card .meta-data i {
    color: var(--primary-accent);
    margin-right: 6px;
    width: 14px;
}

/* Read Link Custom Arrow Animation */
.article-summary-card .read-article-link {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    color: var(--primary-accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 13px;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: auto;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.article-summary-card .read-article-link:hover {
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Responsive Media Query for Mobile (Fallback to full width) */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .article-summary-card {
        flex: 0 0 100%;
    }
}

.list-group-item, .pkp_block ul li {
	padding:5px 5px!important;
}

/* ============================================================
   CONTENT
   ============================================================ */

.content-section-title {
	font-size: 24px !important;
}

.modern-list li a {
	word-break: break-all;
}

.sidebar-right img {
	width: 100%;
}

.issue-summary {
	border-bottom: 2px solid #e4e4e4;
	padding-bottom: 8px;
}

.pdf {
	border-top-left-radius: 5px !important;
	border-bottom-left-radius: 5px !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   JOURNAL HEADER
   ============================================================ */

.journal-header {
	background: #ffffff;
	color: #263746;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #d8dde3;
}
/* Desktop */
.journal-main-menu {
	display: block;
}

/* ============================================================
   TOP UTILITY BAR
   ============================================================ */

.journal-topbar {
	background: #5c5470;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #5c5470;
	font-size: 13px;
}

.journal-header-inner {
	width: 100%;
	max-width: 1320px;
	margin: 0 auto;
	padding-left: 25px;
	padding-right: 25px;
}

.journal-topbar .journal-header-inner {
	min-height: 38px;
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	justify-content: space-between;
}

.journal-top-left {
	color: #fff;
	font-size: 13px;
	min-width: 0;
}

.journal-top-left a {
	color: #fff;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-top-left a:hover {
	color: #fff;
}

.journal-switcher {
	position: relative;
	display: inline-block;
}

.journal-switcher-toggle {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	max-width: 420px;
	padding: 8px 0;
	color: #fff !important;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	font-size: 13px;
	line-height: 1.3;
	text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-switcher-toggle:hover,
.journal-switcher-toggle:focus {
	color: #cde6ff !important;
	background: transparent;
	text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-switcher-name {
	display: inline-block;
	max-width: 360px;
	overflow: hidden;
	text-overflow: ellipsis;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-switcher-toggle .caret {
	margin-left: 8px;
	border-top-color: #fff;
}

.journal-switcher .dropdown-menu {
	min-width: 280px;
	max-width: 420px;
	max-height: 360px;
	overflow-y: auto;
	margin-top: 0;
	padding: 6px 0;
	border: 1px solid #cfe4f6;
	border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
	box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(14, 77, 138, 0.16);
}

.journal-switcher .dropdown-menu > li > a {
	padding: 8px 16px;
	color: #0f2942;
	white-space: normal;
}

.journal-switcher .dropdown-menu > li > a:hover,
.journal-switcher .dropdown-menu > li.active > a {
	background: #e8f4fc;
	color: #0e4d8a;
}

.journal-top-right {
	margin-left: auto;
}


/* ============================================================
   USER NAVIGATION
   ============================================================ */

.journal-user-menu {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.journal-user-menu > li {
	display: inline-block;
}

.journal-user-menu > li > a {
	padding: 8px 10px;
	color: #fff;
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 400;
	background: transparent !important;
}

.journal-user-menu > li > a:hover {
	color: #cde6ff;
	background: transparent !important;
}

/* ============================================================
   JOURNAL IDENTITY AREA (Springer-style)
   ============================================================ */

.journal-identity {
	background: #fff;
	padding: 32px 0 28px;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #cfe4f6;
}

.journal-identity .journal-header-inner {
	display: flex;
	align-items: flex-start;
}

/* ============================================================
   JOURNAL LOGO
   ============================================================ */

.journal-logo-area {
	flex: 0 0 auto;
	margin-right: 28px;
	padding-top: 4px;
}

.journal-logo-link {
	display: block;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-logo {
	display: block;
	max-width: 180px;
	max-height: 220px;
	width: auto;
	height: auto;
}

.journal-logo-link:hover {
	text-decoration: none;
}


/* ============================================================
   JOURNAL TITLE
   ============================================================ */

.journal-title-area {
	flex: 1;
	min-width: 0;
}

.journal-title {
	margin: 0 0 8px;
	font-size: 32px !important;
	line-height: 1.2;
	font-weight: 700;
	letter-spacing: -0.4px;
}

.journal-title a {
	color: #0a2540;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-title a:hover {
	color: var(--primary-accent);
	text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-subtitle {
	color: #4b5563;
	font-size: 16px;
	line-height: 1.45;
	font-weight: 400;
	margin: 0 0 14px;
}

.journal-meta {
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	align-items: center;
	gap: 6px 0;

	color: #4b5563;
	font-size: 13px;
	line-height: 1.5;
}

.journal-meta-item {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	color: #4b5563;
}

.journal-meta-item + .journal-meta-item::before {
	content: "";
	width: 4px;
	height: 4px;
	margin: 0 10px;
	border-radius: 50%;
	background: #9ca3af;
}

.journal-meta-item strong {
	font-weight: 600;
	color: #111827;
	margin-left: 4px;
}

/* ============================================================
   SEARCH
   ============================================================ */

.journal-search-area {
	flex: 0 0 270px;
	margin-left: 30px;
}

.journal-search-form {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.journal-search-box {
	display: flex;
	height: 40px;
	border: 1px solid #cbd2d9;
	background: #ffffff;
}

.journal-search-box input {
	flex: 1;
	height: 38px;
	padding: 8px 12px;
	border: 0;
	box-shadow: none;
	font-size: 14px;
}

.journal-search-box input:focus {
	outline: none;
	box-shadow: none;
	border: 0;
}

.journal-search-box button {
	width: 45px;
	border: 0;
	background: #f2f4f7;
	color: #34495e;
}

.journal-search-box button:hover {
	background: #dceefc;
	color: var(--primary-accent);
}


/* ============================================================
   MAIN NAVIGATION
   ============================================================ */

.journal-navigation {
	background: #f4f9fd;
	border-top: 1px solid #cfe4f6;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #c5dcf0;
}

.journal-navigation .journal-header-inner {
	display: flex;
	align-items: stretch;
	justify-content: space-between;}

.journal-main-nav {
	flex: 1;
}

/* ============================================================
   PRIMARY MENU
   ============================================================ */

.journal-nav-menu {
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.journal-nav-menu > li {
	margin: 0;
}

.journal-nav-menu > li > a {
	display: block;
	padding: 15px 15px;
	color: #263746;
	font-size: 14px;
	font-weight: 600;
	background: transparent !important;
	border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-nav-menu > li > a:hover,
.journal-nav-menu > li.active > a,
.journal-nav-menu > li.current > a {
	color: var(--primary-dark);
	background: #e8f4fc !important;
	border-bottom-color: var(--primary-accent);
}


/* ============================================================
   NAVIGATION DROPDOWNS
   ============================================================ */

.journal-nav-menu .dropdown-menu {
	min-width: 210px;
	margin-top: 0;
	padding: 5px 0;
	border: 1px solid #d9dee5;
	border-radius: 0;
	box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.journal-nav-menu .dropdown-menu > li > a {
	padding: 10px 15px;
	color: #374151;
	font-size: 14px;
	background: #ffffff;
}

.journal-nav-menu .dropdown-menu > li > a:hover {
	background: #e8f4fc;
	color: var(--primary-dark);
}


/* ============================================================
   SUBMIT BUTTON
   ============================================================ */
.head_btn{
	width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 12px 18px;
    clear: both;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.journal-submit-area {
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	padding-left: 15px;
}

.journal-submit-button {
	display: inline-block;
	padding: 10px 18px;
	background: var(--primary-accent);
	color: #ffffff !important;
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 700;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	text-decoration: none !important;
	border-radius: 2px;
	white-space: nowrap;
	transition: background 0.2s ease;}

.journal-submit-button:hover {
	background: var(--primary-dark);
	color: #ffffff !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   MOBILE MENU BUTTON
   ============================================================ */

.journal-mobile-toggle {
	display: none;
	width: 100%;
	padding: 12px 15px;
	border: 0;
	background: #f5f6f8;
	color: #263746;
	font-size: 14px;
	font-weight: 600;
	text-align: left;
}

.journal-mobile-toggle:hover {
	background: #e9ecef;
}

.journal-mobile-toggle .glyphicon {
	margin-right: 7px;
}


/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE - TABLET
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
	.journal-title {
		font-size: 26px !important;
	}

	.journal-search-area {
		flex: 0 0 230px;
		margin-left: 20px;
	}

	.journal-nav-menu > li > a {
		padding-left: 10px;
		padding-right: 10px;
		font-size: 13px;
	}

	.journal-submit-button {
		padding-left: 13px;
		padding-right: 13px;
	}
}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE - TABLET / SMALL DESKTOP
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 991px) {

	.journal-identity .journal-header-inner {
		flex-wrap: wrap;
	}

	.journal-search-area {
		flex: 0 0 100%;
		margin: 20px 0 0;
	}

	.journal-navigation .journal-header-inner {
		display: block;
	}

	.journal-submit-area {
		padding: 12px 0;
	}

	.journal-submit-button {
		display: inline-block;
	}

}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE - MOBILE
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 767px) {

	.journal-header-inner {
		padding-left: 15px;
		padding-right: 15px;
	}

	/* Top bar */
	.journal-topbar .journal-header-inner {
		min-height: 35px;
	}

	.journal-top-left {
		display: block;
		flex: 1;
		min-width: 0;
		padding-right: 10px;
	}

	.journal-switcher-toggle {
		max-width: 100%;
	}

	.journal-switcher-name {
		max-width: 180px;
	}

	.journal-top-right {
		width: 100%;
		text-align: right;
	}

	/* Identity */
	.journal-identity {
		padding: 20px 0;
	}

	.journal-identity .journal-header-inner {
		display: block;
		text-align: center;
	}

	/* Logo */
	.journal-logo-area {
		margin: 0 0 15px;
	}

	.journal-logo {
		max-width: 130px;
		max-height: 75px;
		margin: 0 auto;
	}

	/* Title */
	.journal-title {
		font-size: 23px !important;
		line-height: 1.3;
	}

	.journal-subtitle {
		font-size: 14px;
	}

	.journal-meta {
		justify-content: center;
	}

	/* Search */
	.journal-search-area {
		margin-top: 18px;
	}


	/* Navigation */
	.journal-navigation .journal-header-inner {
		display: block;
		padding-left: 0;
		padding-right: 0;
	}

	.journal-mobile-toggle {
		display: block;
	}

	.journal-main-nav #journal-main-menu {
		border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
	}

	.journal-nav-menu {
		display: block;
		margin: 0;
	}

	.journal-nav-menu > li {
		display: block;
	}

	.journal-nav-menu > li > a {
		display: block;
		padding: 13px 15px;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
		border-left: 0;
		border-right: 0;
	}

	.journal-nav-menu .dropdown-menu {
		position: static;
		float: none;
		width: 100%;
		border: 0;
		box-shadow: none;
	}

	/* Submit */

	.journal-submit-area {
		display: block;
		padding: 12px 15px;
	}

	.journal-submit-button {
		display: block;
		width: 100%;
		text-align: center;
	}

}
/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 767px) {

	.journal-main-menu {
		display: none;
	}

	.journal-main-menu.in {
		display: block;
	}
}

/* ============================================================
   VERY SMALL DEVICES
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 480px) {
	.journal-title {
		font-size: 20px !important;
	}

	.journal-subtitle {
		font-size: 13px;
	}

	.journal-search-box {
		height: 38px;
	}

	.journal-search-box input {
		height: 36px;
	}

}